Tag: 日本語能力試験

たり・・たりする　tari..tari suru

　How to make”たり・・たりする..” in Japanese.

You can use　たり・・たりする when you want to say ” do such things as A and B
.”

The patterns is below:

verb ta-form + ri ,verb ta-form + ri suru
do such things as A and B
It makes a list of activities or attributes. It means something like “this and that/sometimes this and sometimes that/in some parts this in other parts that”. With nouns or -na adjectives it becomes “～だったり …～だったりする”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は本を読んだりテレビを見たりするのが好きです。Watashi wa hon o yonda ri , TV o mitari suru noga suki desu
I like to do such as reading books and watching TV

先週私は大阪に行ったり、奈良に行ったりしました。Senshu watashi wa Osaka ni ittari Nara ni ittari shimashita
I went to Osaka and Nara among other places over the weekend

昨日私は本を読んだりお菓子を食べたりした。Kinou watashi wa hon wo yondari okashi wo tabetari shita.
Yesterday I was reading a book and eating sweets.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～んです　～ndesu

　How to make”～んです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～んです when you want to say ” the mode of explaining things
.”

The patterns is below:

Verb short form + ndesu
the mode of explaining things
It accents the sentence’s content or softens a request or an order. It may be also said as “~のです”. With -na adjectives and nouns it becomes “~なのです”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

明日日本に行くんです。Ashita nihon ni iku ndesu
I will go to Japan ( so I bought new suits case etc)

電車が遅れたんです。Densha ga okureta ndesu
Train delayed ( so I came here late)

 テニスはするんですか？ Tennis wa surun desu ka?
Do you play tennis? (at all, not right now)

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～なくちゃいけない　～nakucha ikenai

　How to make”～なくちゃいけない..” in Japanese.

You can use　～なくちゃいけない when you want to say “say necessary to do something, must, have to do
.”

The patterns is below:

Verb negative stem + ku cha ikenai
It means that something has to be done (lit: it’s bad not to do it).

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

たくさん勉強をしなくちゃいけません。takusan benkyo wo shinakucha ikemasen.
I have to study a lot

6時に起きなくちゃいけません。6 ji ni okinakucha ikemasen.
I must wake up at 6 am

あなたは宿題を終わらせなくちゃいけない。 Anata wa shukudai wo owarasenakucha ikenai.
You have to finish your homework. (It’s not good for you to not finish your homework.)

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～く/になる　～ku/ni naru

　How to make”～く/になる..” in Japanese.

You can use　～く/になる when you want to say “become adj
.”

The patterns is below:

adjective + ku/ni naru – become adj
i-adj : takai – taka ku naru
na-adj: kirei na – kirei ni naru
It means to become (smart/tall/etc.).

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

最近寒くなりました。saikin samu ku narimashita.
it gets colder recently.

僕の日本語は上手になりました。Boku no nihongo wa jozu ni narimashita.
My Japanese has become better

あの女性はきれいになった。Ano josei wa kireini natta.
That woman became beautiful.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ほうがいい　～houga ii

　How to make”～ほうがいい..” in Japanese.

You can use　～ほうがいい when you want to say “You had better…. .”

The patterns is below:

verb ta-form + houga ii
verb nai -form + houga ii
You had better.. , You had better not to..
It means “it’s better” or “it would be better”, it may be also used to say that something should (or shouldn’t) be done.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

もっと勉強したほうがいいですよ。motto benkyo shita houga ii desu yo.
You had better study more

レッスンを休まないほうがいいですよ。Lesson o yasumanai houga ii desu yo .
You had better not skip class

あなたはあのケーキを食べないほうがいい。Anata wa ano cake wo tabenai hou ga ii.
You shouldn’t eat that cake.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

を　o/wo

　How to make”を..” in Japanese.

You can use　を when you want to say “object maker.. .”

The patterns is below:

object maker
This denotes the object of an action.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は寿司を食べます。Watashi wa sushi o tabemasu
I eat sushi

私はテレビを見ます。Watashi wa TV o mimasu
I watch TV

あの猫が魚を食べた。 Ano neko ga sakana wo tabeta.
That cat ate the fish.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

は　wa/ha

　How to make”は..” in Japanese.

You can use　は when you want to say “topic maker, As for .. .”

The patterns is below:

This denotes a topic.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

今日は東京に行きます。Kyou wa , Tokyo ni ikimasu.
I will go to Tokyo, today

私の専門は日本語です。Watash no senmon wa nihongo desu.
My major is Japanese

彼女は嬉しいです。kanojo wa ureshii desu.
She is happy.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～つもりです　～tsumoridesu

　How to make”～つもりです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～つもりです when you want to say “I intend to (verb).. .”

The patterns is below:

Verb present short + tsumori
I intend to (verb)
This means a plan or an intent of doing something.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は明日テニスをするつもりです。Watashi wa ashita tennis o siru tsumori desu .
I intend to play tennis tomorrow

メアリーは来年日本にいないつもりです。Mary wa rainen nihon ni inai tsumori desu .
Mary does not intend to stay in Japan next year

あなたは何を勉強するつもりですか? Anata wa nani wo suru tsumori desu ka?
What are you going to study?

 

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

と　to

　How to make”と..” in Japanese.

You can use　と when you want to say “and.. .”

The patterns is below:

Noun to Noun
Noun and Noun
This is a particle used to link nouns in a complete list.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

ペンと本。Pen to hon
Pen and Book

私はごはんと魚を食べました。Watashi wa pan to sakana wo tabemashita.
I ate rice and fish.

ケンと私は東京に行きました。Ken and I went to Tokyo.
Ken to watashi wa Tokyo ni ikimashita.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～てはいけません　～te wa ikemasen

　How to make”～てはいけません..” in Japanese.

You can use　～てはいけません when you want to say “You can’t do… .”

The patterns is below:

Verb te-form + wa ikemasen
Te-form + wa ikemasen means, to denty someone permission to do something.
This is also used to link copulas to “はいけません”, meaning “it’s not good”. It is used to scold or otherwise disapprove.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

クラスで寝てはいけません。Class de nete wa ikemasen .
In the class, You can’t sleep.

ここに車を止めてはいけません。 Koko ni kuruma wo tomete wa ikemasen.
You must not park the car here.

車内で騒いではいけません。Shanai de sawaide wa ikemasen.
You can’t make a noise on the train.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～てもいいです　～te mo ii desu

　How to make”～てもいいです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～てもいいです when you want to say ” You can do… or You may do.”

The patterns is below:

Verb te-form +mo ii desu
It means You can do… or You may do… describe an activity that is permitted.
This is used to link verb copulas to “もいいです” meaning “it’s enough” or “it’s good”. It can be used as a request for permission.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

テレビを見てもいいです。(to your kids) TV o mite mo ii desu – You can watch TV (permission)
Note: te mo ii desu ka . means, May I or Can I do something( asking permission)

料理してもいいですか。 Ryoti shitemo ii desu ka?
May I cook?

愛してもいいですか？Aishite mo iidesu ka?
May I love you?

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～てください　～te kudasai

　How to make”～てください..” in Japanese.

You can use　～てください when you want to say ” Please do.”

The patterns is below:

Verb te-form +kusasai
To make polite request to another person, Please do
This is used to link verb copulas, ending in “て” or “で”, to “ください”, making it into a request.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

読んでください。Yonde kudsai
Please read

立ってください。Tattekudasai
Please stand up

起きてください。Okite kudasai
Please wake up

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～てから　～te kara

　How to make”～てから..” in Japanese.

You can use　～てから when you want to say “after doing.”

The patterns is below:

Verb te-form + kara
after doing something…
It means to do something after doing something else.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

日本に行ってから知りました。Nihon ni kite kara shirimashita.
I understand it after coming to Japan

食べてからトイレに行きます。Tabete kara Toilet ni ikimasu .
I go to toilet after eating

私は手を洗ってから食事をした。Watashi wa te wo aratte kara shokuji shita.
I had a meal after washing my hands.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ている　～teiru

　How to make”～ている..” in Japanese.

You can use　～ている when you want to say “an action in progress.”

The patterns is below:

Verb te-form + iru
いる, when used after the て form of a verb, indicates that an action is ongoing (progressive tense, marked in English by “ing”,) or in a certain state.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は日本語を教えています。Watashi wa nigongo o oshiete imasu
I teach Japanese(everyday excise) or I am teaching Japanese(now)

ケンは勉強しています。Ken wa benkyo shite imasu
Ken is studying(right now)

彼女は結婚しています。
kanajo wa kekko shite imasu- She is married

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～たことがある　～ta koto ga aru

　How to make”～たことがある..” in Japanese.

You can use　～たことがある when you want to say “have/has the experience of.”

The patterns is below:

Verb ta-form + koto ga aru .
have/ has the experience of ..
It indicates that something has (or hasn’t ever) happened in the past.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

アフリカに行ったことがあります。Africa ni itta koto ga arimasu .
I have been to Africa .

ドラエモンに会ったことがあります。Doraemon ni atta koto ga arimasu .
I have met Doraemon before .

私はそれを聞いたことがない。Watashi wa sore wo kiita kotoga nai.
I’ve never heard of this.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～たいです　～tai desu

　How to make”～たいです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～たいです when you want to say ” I want to (verb).”

The patterns is below:

Verb stem + tai desu .
I want to (verb).

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は日本語を勉強したいです。　Watashi wa nihongo o benkyo shitai desu.
I want to study Japanese

今晩すしを食べたいです。konban sushi o tabetai desu .
I want to eat sushi tonight

僕は ケーキを 食べたい です。Boku wa cake wo tabetai desu.
 I want to eat some cake

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～すぎる　～sugiru

　How to make”～すぎる..” in Japanese.

You can use　～すぎる when you want to say ” doing too much.”

The patterns is below:

Verb: Verb stem +sugiru.
i-adj: drop final i +sugiru. ( ex: takai → takasugiru , samui → samusugiru )
na-adj: drop final na +sugiru. ( ex: shizukana → shizuka sugiru, kireina → kirei sugiru)
doing too much or too excess.
It means “too much” or “too (big/small/expensive/etc.)”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は食べすぎました。Watashi wa tabe sugimashita.
I ate too much.

私は飲みすぎました。Watashi wa nomi sugimashita.
I drunk too much

このシャツは大きすぎる。 Kono shirt wa ooki sugiru.
This shirt is too big.

Keep up with your studies!

 

～のがすきです　～noga suki desu

　How to make”～のがすきです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～のがすきです when you want to say “to like ( verb).”

The patterns is below:

Verb dictionary from + noga suki desu.
It means to like doing something.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は歌うのが好きです。 Watashi wa utau noga suki desu .
I like to sing

彼女はテニスをするのが好きです。Kanojo wa tennis o suru no ga suki desu .
She likes to play tennis.

私はアニメを見るのが好きです。
I like watching anime.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～のがじょうずです　～noga jozu desu

　How to make”～のがじょうずです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～のがじょうずです when you want to say “be good at (dictionary form).”

The patterns is below:

Verb dictionary form +noga jozu desu
be good at (dictionary form).
It means to be good at something..

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

彼女は歌うのが上手です。kanojo wa utau noga jozu desu.
she is good at singing.

タケシは相撲するのが上手です。Takeshi wa sumo o suru noga jozu desu.
Takeshi is good at playing sumo.

あなたは泳ぐのが上手ですか? Anata wa oyogu noga jozu desu ka?
Are you good at swimming?

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～のがへたです　～noga heta desu

　How to make”～のがへたです..” in Japanese.

You can use　～のがへたです when you want to say “be poor at (dictionary form).”

The patterns is below:

Verb dictionary form + noga heta desu.
be poor at (dictionary form) , be not good at (dictionary form)
It means to be bad at something..

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

メアリーは英語を話すのが下手です。Mary wa eigo o hanasu noga heta desu.
Mary is poor at speaking English

メアリーは料理をするのが下手です。Mary wa ryori i suru noga heta desu .
Mary is not good at cooking

私は踊るのがへたです。Watashi wa odoru noga heta desu.
I’m bad at dancing.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ので　～node

　How to make”～ので..” in Japanese.

You can use　～ので when you want to say “because.”

The patterns is below:

(reason) node (situation)- (situation) because (reason)
It means “because” or “so”. The cause is more impartial (like because a building is red or tall) than with “から” or “だから” where it’s more subjective (like because you think an apple tastes good). With nouns and -na adjectives it becomes “なので”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

暑いので脱ぎます。Atsui node nugimasu.
I take off my cloth because it’s too hot.

メアリーはいじわるなので嫌いです。Mary wa ijiwaru na node kirai desu.
I hate Mary because she is mean

この本は高いので買わない。Kono hon wa takai node kawanai.
I’m not buying this book, because it’s expensive.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～にいく　～ni iku

　How to make”～にいく..” in Japanese.

You can use　～にいく when you want to say “go to ( verb).”

The patterns is below:

Verb stem + ni iku
It means to go somewhere or to go do something.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

食べに行く。Tabe ni iku
go to eat

飲みに行く。Nomi ni iku –
go to drink

私は泳ぎに行く。
I go swimming.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～に/へ　～ni/e

　How to make”～に/へ..” in Japanese.

You can use　～に/へ when you want to say “(go) to…”

The patterns is below:

(place etc) ni/e
This means “to”, and is used when describing a destination.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は日本に行きます。Watashi wa Nihon ni ikimasu.
I will go to Japan.

ケイコはローマにいきました。 Keiko wa rome ni ikimashita.
keiko went to Rome.

家に帰ります。Ie ni kaerimasu.
I will go home.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ないでください　～naide kudasai

　How to make”～ないでください..” in Japanese.

You can use　～ないでください when you want to say “Please do not…”

The patterns is below:

Negative stem + naide kudasai =Please do not …
This means “please don’t do”, used in place of a “-te” form of a verb.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

話さないでください。hanasanaide kudasai .
Please do not talk.

寝ないでください。nenaide kudasai .
Please do not sleep.

このりんごを食べないでください。Kono ringo wo tabenaide kudasai.
Please don’t eat this apple.

 

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

に ni

　How to make”に..” in Japanese.

You can use に when you want to say “at on in (time)…”

The patterns is below:

(Time) ni

The time frame can be specified by any expression that specifies a duration of time such as: 分 (fun – “minutes”), 時間 (jikan – “hours”), 日 (nichi – “days”),週間 (shuukan – “weeks”),ヶ月 (kagetsu – “months”),年 (nen – “years”)

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

一時に寝ます。1 ji ni nemasu
I sleet at 1 o’clock

日曜日に京都に行きます。Nichiyoubi ni kyoto ni ikimasu.
I will go to Kyoto on Sunday.

私は１日に２時間ぐらい勉強します。Watashi wa ichinichi ni nijikan gurai benkyou shimasu.
I study for about 2 hours a day.

 

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

も mo

　How to make”も..” in Japanese.

You can use も when you want to say “too, as well…”

The patterns is below:

Subject/Topic/Object + も ( replace wa/ga/wo with mo)
This means “too”, “and”, or “also”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私も日本人です。Watashi mo nihonjin desu
I am a Japanese person too

かれはサッカーがすきです。わたしもサッカーがすきです。 Kare wa soccer ga suki desu. Watashi mo soccer ga suki desu.
He likes soccer. I like soccer, too.

マイクはケーキもクッキーもたべました。 Mike wa cake mo cookies mo tabemashita.
Mike ate both cake and cookies.

 

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ましょうか ～mashouka

　How to make”～ましょうか..” in Japanese.

You can use ～ましょうか when you want to say “Shall I/ We…”

The patterns is below:

Verb stem +ましょうか
Shall I/ We …
This is a polite volitional phrase used for suggestions.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

テニスをしましょうか？Tennis wo shimashou ka ？
Shall We play tennis?

買物に行きましょうか？Kaimono ni ikimashou ka?
Shall We go for shopping?

食べましょうか? Tabemashou ka?
Shall we start? ( to eat)?

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ましょう ～mashou

　How to make”～ましょう..” in Japanese.

You can use ～ましょう when you want to say “Let’s…”

The patterns is below:

Verb stem +ましょう
Let’s …
This is a polite volitional phrase, meaning “I’ll” or “let’s”.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

飲みましょう。Nomimashou.
Let’s drink!

行きましょう。Ikimashou.
Let’s go!

食べましょう。
Let’s eat!

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～ませんか ～masen ka

　How to make”～ませんか..” in Japanese.

You can use ～ませんか when you want to say “Won’t you…”

The patterns is below:

Verb stem +ませんか is used to invite someone to do it.
It means Won’t you – , How about – , Wouldn’t you –

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

一緒に食べませんか？Issho ni tabemasen ka?
Won’t you eat with me?

デートをしませんか？Date shimasen ka?
Won’t you go on a date?

ケーキをたべませんか？ 　Cake wo tabemasen ka?
Won’t you have some cake?

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

まだ～ていません mada ～te imasen

　How to make”まだ～ていません..” in Japanese.

You can use まだ～ていません when you want to say “have not….yet…”

The patterns is below:

mada + te form + imasen = have not….yet

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私はまだ昼ごはんを食べていません。Watashi wa mada hirugohan o tabete imasen.
I have not eaten lunch yet

ケンはまだ起きていません。Ken wa mada okite imasen.
Ken has not woken up yet.

私はまだシャワーを浴びていません。Watashi wa mada shower wo abite imasen.
I have not taken a shower yet.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～まえに ～mae ni

　How to make”～まえに..” in Japanese.

You can use～まえに when you want to say “before doing…”

The patterns is below:

Very dictionary form + mae ni = before doing something.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

出かける前に電話します。　dekakeru mae ni denwa shimasu
I will call you before going out.

食べる前に手を洗います。taberu mae ni te o araimasu
I wash my hands before eating

おいしいから食べます。Oishii kara tabemasu.
Because (it’s) tasty, I will eat.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～から ～kara

　How to make”～から..” in Japanese.

You can use ～から when you want to say “because…..”

The patterns is below:

(reason)kara..

Verb +から
い adjective +から
Noun + だ +から
な adjective + だ +から

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

明日はテストがあるから勉強します。Ashita test desu kara benkyo shimasu.
I will study because there will be a test tomorrow.

学生時代は、お金がなかったから、旅行に行けませんでした。Gakuseijidai wa okane ga nakattakara ryokou ikemasen deshita.
I couldn’t go traveling when I was a student because I didn’t have any money.

おいしいから食べます。Oishii kara tabemasu.
Because (it’s) tasty, I will eat.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～です ～desu

　How to make”～です..” in Japanese.

You can use ～です when you want to say “is, are,am (to be).”

The patterns is below:

(Subject or topic) wa/ga ( something) desu.

This means “is”, “am”, or “are” (depending on the situation), though the meaning in English is a lot broader than in Japanese. Some other

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は学生です。Watashi wa gakusei desu.
I am a student.

これはペンです。 Kore wa pen desu.
This is a pen.

わたしはケンです。Watashi wa Ken desu.
I am Ken.

Keep up with your studies!

Recommended books

～でしょう ～deshou

　How to make”～でしょう..” in Japanese.

You can use～でしょう when you want to say “making a guess.”

The patterns is below:

verb short form + desho – probably

It means something like to express a level of some certainty and is close in meaning to 「多分」. Just like 「～です／～ます」, it must come at the end of a complete sentence. It does not have any other conjugations. You can also replace 「～ですか」 with 「～でしょうか」 to make the question sound slightly more polite and less assuming by adding a slight level of uncertainty. or prediction.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

明日は晴れるでしょう。Ashita wa hareru desho.
Tomorrow should be sunny.

北海道は寒いでしょう。Hokkaido wa samui desho.
It is probably cold in Hokkaido

あなたは学生さんでしょうか。Anata wa gakusei-san deshou ka?
Are you a student?

 

Keep up with your studies!

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で de

　How to make”で..” in Japanese.

You can use で when you want to say “at, in, on (place).”.

The patterns is below:

(place) de
at, in, on (place)

This means “at” or “in”, and is used when specifying where something happens.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

家で食べます。Ie de tabemasu.
I eat at home

ケンは学校ですう学をべんきょうします。 Ken wa gakkou de sugaku wo benkyo shimasu.
Ken studies math at school.and is used when specifying where something happens.

来年日本で仕事をします。Rainen nihon de shigoto wo shimasu.
I will work in Japan next year.

Keep up with your studies!

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ＡやＢ A ya B

　How to make”ＡやＢ..” in Japanese.

You can use ＡやＢ when you want to say “A and B , for example.”.

The patterns is below:

A ya B = A and B , for example

This is a particle used to link nouns in an incomplete list.

　例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)

私は東京や大阪に行きます。Watashi wa Tokyo ya Osaka ni ikimashita.
I went to Tokyo, Osaka etc.

猫や犬や猿が動物園にいます。 Neko ya Inu ya Saru ga doubutsuen ni imasu.
There are cats and dogs and monkeys (among other things) at the zoo.

私は寿司や味噌汁が日本料理の中で好きです。Watashi wa sushi ya misoshiru ga nihonryori no naka de suki desu.
Among Japanese foods, I like Sushi and Misoshiru for example.

Keep up with your studies!

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