・ Meaning: unavoidable, no other way to do something 仕方がないので
・ JLPT Level: 2 日本語能力試験N2級レベル
・ Category: grammar 文法
You can use やむをえず when you want to say “unavoidable..”.
The patterns is below:
やむをえず + sentence
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
私は病気でやむをえず出発を延期した。Watashi wa byoki de yamuwoezu shuppatsu wo enki shita.
I was compelled to put off our departure.parture due to my sick.
タイヤがパンクしたので、やむをえず電車で通勤しなければならない。 Taiya ga panku shita nonode, yamuwowzu densha de tsuukin shinakereba naranai.
The wheels of the car became flat so I have to commute by train.
やむを得ず雨天で試合が中止になった。 yamuwoezu uten de shiai ga chushi ni natta.
regretfully game had to be cancelled due to bad weather.
You can use たり・・たりする when you want to say ” do such things as A and B
.”
The patterns is below:
verb ta-form + ri ,verb ta-form + ri suru
do such things as A and B
It makes a list of activities or attributes. It means something like “this and that/sometimes this and sometimes that/in some parts this in other parts that”. With nouns or -na adjectives it becomes “～だったり …～だったりする”.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
私は本を読んだりテレビを見たりするのが好きです。Watashi wa hon o yonda ri , TV o mitari suru noga suki desu
I like to do such as reading books and watching TV
先週私は大阪に行ったり、奈良に行ったりしました。Senshu watashi wa Osaka ni ittari Nara ni ittari shimashita
I went to Osaka and Nara among other places over the weekend
昨日私は本を読んだりお菓子を食べたりした。Kinou watashi wa hon wo yondari okashi wo tabetari shita.
Yesterday I was reading a book and eating sweets.
You can use ～んです when you want to say ” the mode of explaining things
.”
The patterns is below:
Verb short form + ndesu
the mode of explaining things
It accents the sentence’s content or softens a request or an order. It may be also said as “~のです”. With -na adjectives and nouns it becomes “~なのです”.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
明日日本に行くんです。Ashita nihon ni iku ndesu
I will go to Japan ( so I bought new suits case etc)
電車が遅れたんです。Densha ga okureta ndesu
Train delayed ( so I came here late)
テニスはするんですか？ Tennis wa surun desu ka?
Do you play tennis? (at all, not right now)
・ Meaning: say necessary to do something, must, have to do
・ JLPT Level: N4 日本語能力試験N4級レベル
・ Category: grammar 文法
You can use ～なくちゃいけない when you want to say “say necessary to do something, must, have to do
.”
The patterns is below:
Verb negative stem + ku cha ikenai
It means that something has to be done (lit: it’s bad not to do it).
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
たくさん勉強をしなくちゃいけません。takusan benkyo wo shinakucha ikemasen.
I have to study a lot
6時に起きなくちゃいけません。6 ji ni okinakucha ikemasen.
I must wake up at 6 am
あなたは宿題を終わらせなくちゃいけない。 Anata wa shukudai wo owarasenakucha ikenai.
You have to finish your homework. (It’s not good for you to not finish your homework.)
You can use ～ほうがいい when you want to say “You had better…. .”
The patterns is below:
verb ta-form + houga ii
verb nai -form + houga ii
You had better.. , You had better not to..
It means “it’s better” or “it would be better”, it may be also used to say that something should (or shouldn’t) be done.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
もっと勉強したほうがいいですよ。motto benkyo shita houga ii desu yo.
You had better study more
レッスンを休まないほうがいいですよ。Lesson o yasumanai houga ii desu yo .
You had better not skip class
あなたはあのケーキを食べないほうがいい。Anata wa ano cake wo tabenai hou ga ii.
You shouldn’t eat that cake.
You can use ～てはいけません when you want to say “You can’t do… .”
The patterns is below:
Verb te-form + wa ikemasen
Te-form + wa ikemasen means, to denty someone permission to do something.
This is also used to link copulas to “はいけません”, meaning “it’s not good”. It is used to scold or otherwise disapprove.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
クラスで寝てはいけません。Class de nete wa ikemasen .
In the class, You can’t sleep.
ここに車を止めてはいけません。 Koko ni kuruma wo tomete wa ikemasen.
You must not park the car here.
車内で騒いではいけません。Shanai de sawaide wa ikemasen.
You can’t make a noise on the train.
You can use ～てもいいです when you want to say ” You can do… or You may do.”
The patterns is below:
Verb te-form +mo ii desu
It means You can do… or You may do… describe an activity that is permitted.
This is used to link verb copulas to “もいいです” meaning “it’s enough” or “it’s good”. It can be used as a request for permission.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
テレビを見てもいいです。(to your kids) TV o mite mo ii desu – You can watch TV (permission)
Note: te mo ii desu ka . means, May I or Can I do something( asking permission)
・ Meaning: to make polite request to another person, Please do
・ JLPT Level: N5 日本語能力試験N5級レベル
・ Category: grammar 文法
You can use ～てください when you want to say ” Please do.”
The patterns is below:
Verb te-form +kusasai
To make polite request to another person, Please do
This is used to link verb copulas, ending in “て” or “で”, to “ください”, making it into a request.
・ Meaning: an action in progress, verbs that described continuous, activity that last for some time, state, changes that are more or less instantaneous, everyday excise
・ JLPT Level: N5 日本語能力試験N5級レベル
・ Category: grammar 文法
You can use ～ている when you want to say “an action in progress.”
The patterns is below:
Verb te-form + iru
いる, when used after the て form of a verb, indicates that an action is ongoing (progressive tense, marked in English by “ing”,) or in a certain state.
例文：Examples of sentence (with audio)
私は日本語を教えています。Watashi wa nigongo o oshiete imasu
I teach Japanese(everyday excise) or I am teaching Japanese(now)
ケンは勉強しています。Ken wa benkyo shite imasu
Ken is studying(right now)
彼女は結婚しています。
kanajo wa kekko shite imasu- She is married
How to make”～になれる…” in Japanese.
